用Python脚本生成sitemap.xml
项目需要用脚本生成sitemap，中间学习了一下sitemap的格式和lxml库的用法。把结果记录一下，方便以后需要直接拿来用。
###安装lxml
首先需要pip install lxml安装lxml库。
如果你在ubuntu上遇到了以下错误:
1 | #include "libxml/xmlversion.h" |
请安装以下依赖：
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev
###Python代码
下面是生成sitemap和sitemapindex索引的代码，可以按照需求传入需要的参数，或者增加字段：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import io
import re
from lxml import etree
def generate_xml(filename, url_list):
"""Generate a new xml file use url_list"""
root = etree.Element('urlset',
xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9")
for each in url_list:
url = etree.Element('url')
loc = etree.Element('loc')
loc.text = each
url.append(loc)
root.append(url)
header = u'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n'
s = etree.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8', pretty_print=True)
with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(unicode(header+s))
def update_xml(filename, url_list):
"""Add new url_list to origin xml file."""
f = open(filename, 'r')
lines = [i.strip() for i in f.readlines()]
f.close()
old_url_list = []
for each_line in lines:
d = re.findall('<loc>(http:\/\/.+)<\/loc>', each_line)
old_url_list += d
url_list += old_url_list
generate_xml(filename, url_list)
def generatr_xml_index(filename, sitemap_list, lastmod_list):
"""Generate sitemap index xml file."""
root = etree.Element('sitemapindex',
xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9")
for each_sitemap, each_lastmod in zip(sitemap_list, lastmod_list):
sitemap = etree.Element('sitemap')
loc = etree.Element('loc')
loc.text = each_sitemap
lastmod = etree.Element('lastmod')
lastmod.text = each_lastmod
sitemap.append(loc)
sitemap.append(lastmod)
root.append(sitemap)
header = u'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n'
s = etree.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8', pretty_print=True)
with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(unicode(header+s))
if __name__ == '__main__':
urls = ['http://www.baidu.com'] * 10
mods = ['2004-10-01T18:23:17+00:00'] * 10
generatr_xml_index('index.xml', urls, mods)
###效果
生成的效果应该是这种格式：
sitemap格式:
1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
sitemapindex格式：
1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
###lastmod时间格式的问题
格式是用ISO 8601的标准，如果是linux/unix系统，可以使用以下函数获取
def get_lastmod_time(filename):
time_stamp = os.path.getmtime(filename)
t = time.localtime(time_stamp)
# return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S+08:00', t)
return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', t)
###优化
一般来说，用lxml效率低并且内存占用比较大，可以直接用文件的write方法创建。
def generate_xml(filename, url_list):
with gzip.open(filename,"w") as f:
f.write("""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">\n""")
for i in url_list:
f.write("""<url><loc>%s</loc></url>\n"""%i)
f.write("""</urlset>""")
def append_xml(filename, url_list):
with gzip.open(filename, 'r') as f:
for each_line in f:
d = re.findall('<loc>(http:\/\/.+)<\/loc>', each_line)
url_list.extend(d)
generate_xml(filename, set(url_list))
def modify_time(filename):
time_stamp = os.path.getmtime(filename)
t = time.localtime(time_stamp)
return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S:%SZ', t)
def new_xml(filename, url_list):
generate_xml(filename, url_list)
root = dirname(filename)
with open(join(dirname(root), "sitemap.xml"),"w") as f:
f.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n<sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">\n')
for i in glob.glob(join(root,"*.xml.gz")):
lastmod = modify_time(i)
i = i[len(CONFIG.SITEMAP_PATH):]
f.write("<sitemap>\n<loc>http:/%s</loc>\n"%i)
f.write("<lastmod>%s</lastmod>\n</sitemap>\n"%lastmod)
f.write('</sitemapindex>')
Ref:
创建站点地图
sitemap
lxml
谷歌(Google)网站地图的XML文档格式说明
Google Sitemap文件格式